Linux Guides
Introduction to Linux
Linux is a UNIX-like operating system, composed of three fundamental components:
Kernel : Manages hardware resources and handles process execution, memory, device drivers, and system calls.
Shell : A command-line interface that interprets user input and communicates with the kernel.
System Programs : Provide essential functionalities such as user environments, file and process management, networking tools, and scheduling services.
In Linux, everything is treated as either a file or a process:
A file is any collection of data, including directories, device nodes, and configuration files.
A process is an executing instance of a program.
Directories themselves are implemented as a special type of file that contains mappings of filenames to index node references.
- Navigating the Linux Shell
- Interacting with Files
- Creating Directories with
mkdir - Removing Directories with
rmdir - Removing Files and Directories with
rm - Viewing File Contents with
cat - Creating Files with
catand Redirection - Viewing Files with
headandtail - Renaming and Moving with
mv - Copying with
cp - Editing Files with
nano,emacs,vi - Viewing File Contents by Page with
moreandless
- Creating Directories with
- File Permissions in Linux
- Access Control Lists – ACL
Linux FAQs
How can I check my shell?
$ echo $SHELL or $ echo $0
How can I view my environment variables?
$ env or $ env | sort
How can I check command/software availability and location?
$ which executable, for example $ which vim
How can I get help with commands/software?
Use the Linux manual pages: $ man executable, for example
$ man vim